The Song of the Levite

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They will Play your Name!

Psalm 66:4
"all the earth will worship you and they will play-to You,
they will play your Name (ya-zä-ma-ru' shem-hä')."

Psalm 9:2 (9:3 JPS) - of David
"I will be glad and rejoice in you:
I will play your Name (ä-zä-ma-rä' shem-hä') Most High."

Psalm 61:8 (61:9 JPS) - of David
"so I will play your Name (ä-zä-ma-rä' shem-hä') forever, that I may fulfill my vows day-after-day."

Psalm 7:17 (7:18 JPS) - of David
"I will thank Yahveh according to His righteousness
and I will play the Name of Yahveh (vä-ä-zä-ma-rä' shëm Yäh-vah') Most High."

Psalm 68:4 (68:5 JPS) - of David
"Sing to God, play His Name (zä-ma-ru' shë-mo'), raise Him up who rides upon the desert plains by Yah, His Name, and be joyful before Him."

To a non-musician, the above interpretation of these verses might seem very strange and you are probably asking yourself, "How can you play someone's name?" If you are classically trained in music, you may be familiar with the Italian phase soggetto cavato (literally meaning carved theme or subject). In a musical sense, the phrase soggetto cavato refers to a type of compositional device in which the letters of a word or name are mapped to specific tones of a musical alphabet or scale. It is a technique that has been utilized for centuries by composers to come up with new, innovative melodies and themes. For example, during the Renaissance period it was a common practice for composers to honor their patrons, rulers, etc. by composing musical works using the letters of their names as the source for the themes (melodies) used in their compositions. A few examples of the composers who utilized this type of compositional device include:

Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) - Art of Fugue, ca . 1750
Robert Schumann (1810-1856) - Carnival, Op. 9, ca . 1834
Franz Liszt (1811-1886) - Fantasie und Fuge über das Thema B-A-C-H, ca . 1855

     To get an idea of how this type of compositional device works in a practical situation, let's assume we want to write a simple song for three of our friends: Gabe, Deb and Abe and we can only use the white keys on the piano for the song (i.e., the 7 natural tones A - B - C - D - E - F - G). As each letter of their names maps directly to one of these tones, we can simply make up a melody using the tones A -B - D - E - G.

A B C D E F G A B C D E F G etc.
7-tone scale: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Gabe G A B E
Deb D E B
Abe A B E

The Ballad of Gabe, Deb and Abe
example soggetto cavato

     From the Hebrew texts, David, who was directly attributed as the author of four of the five instances in which this technique was alluded to in the Scriptures, was apparently familiar with this type of compositional device. This single long, lost secret proved to be one of the keys used to unlock the musical system employed by the Levites. This compositional device of David literally enabled the Levite musicians and singers to not only "sing the Name of God," but also "to play the Name of God" as the Scriptures state.
     If this indeed is the case, there must therefore be some type of correlation and mapping possible between the Name of God and the tones of some type of musical scale. At first glance, there does not appear to have any logical relationship or possible interface between these two languages (i.e., the written language and the language of music). In the written Hebrew we have twenty-two basic letters in the alephbet and in the language of music we have twelve basic tones - 22 into 12 does not quite work...
     The first clue to unraveling this mystery occurred by expanding the base of possible tones to be mapped. In our traditional Western musical system we use the basic twelve tone, equal tempered scale below. It forms the basis for 99.99% of all music that is and has been composed, sung, and performed for centuries. These are the notes playable on a guitar, a piano and in fact most instruments we use in our time.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
A A# B C C# D D# E F F# G G# A etc.
[Bb] [Db] [Eb] [Gb] [Ab]
(bracketed [ ] names are enharmonic equivalents of the tones above
e.g., A# and Bb are different names for the same note)

     In addition to the use of the twelve tones of our present musical system, the music of the Hebrews most likely included the use of quartertones (i.e., the tones that occur in-between the twelve tones above]. This is borne out by the fact that many of the melodies and ethnic songs of the Oriental culture that have been passed down orally through the generations and that are still in use by some communities today utilize quarter-tones [1.].

ascending twenty-four tone quartertone scale
quartertone scale
(quartertones are shown above with small note heads)

     By expanding our base to include these twenty-four quartertones we may be a bit closer to a mapping, but we still have twenty-two (not twenty-four) letters in the Hebrew alephbet of which to assign some type of value to. So where do we go from here? The solution to this question begins to unravel with the application of a well known and historically recognized cipher previously never applied to the music notation found within the Psalm manuscripts.

The Davidic Cipher


The Song of the Levite

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[1] "(d) The TONALITY in the Oriental music is based on a quartertone system. Thus a scale of an octave has twenty-four steps." - page 25, Jewish Music, Its Historical Development, Abraham Z. Idelsohn, Dover Publications, New York